Provider: Silverchair Database: AmericanMedicalAssociation Content: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" TY - JOUR AU - Lu, Michael T. AU - Ribaudo, Heather AU - Foldyna, Borek AU - Zanni, Markella V. AU - Mayrhofer, Thomas AU - Karady, Julia AU - Taron, Jana AU - Fitch, Kathleen V. AU - McCallum, Sara AU - Burdo, Tricia H. AU - Paradis, Kayla AU - Hedgire, Sandeep S. AU - Meyersohn, Nandini M. AU - DeFilippi, Christopher AU - Malvestutto, Carlos D. AU - Sturniolo, Audra AU - Diggs, Marissa AU - Siminski, Sue AU - Bloomfield, Gerald S. AU - Alston-Smith, Beverly AU - Desvigne-Nickens, Patrice AU - Overton, Edgar T. AU - Currier, Judith S. AU - Aberg, Judith A. AU - Fichtenbaum, Carl J. AU - Hoffmann, Udo AU - Douglas, Pamela S. AU - Grinspoon, Steven K. AU - REPRIEVE Trial Writing Group T1 - Effects of Pitavastatin on Coronary Artery Disease and Inflammatory Biomarkers in HIV: Mechanistic Substudy of the REPRIEVE Randomized Clinical Trial PY - 2024 Y1 - 2024/04/01 DO - 10.1001/jamacardio.2023.5661 JO - JAMA Cardiology JA - JAMA Cardiol VL - 9 IS - 4 SP - 323 EP - 334 SN - 2380-6583 AB - Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increased in people with HIV (PWH) and is characterized by premature noncalcified coronary plaque. In the Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE), pitavastatin reduced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) by 35% over a median of 5.1 years.To investigate the effects of pitavastatin on noncalcified coronary artery plaque by coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) and on inflammatory biomarkers as potential mechanisms for MACE prevention.This double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial enrolled participants from April 2015 to February 2018 at 31 US clinical research sites.PWH without known CVD who were taking antiretroviral therapy and had low to moderate 10-year CVD risk were included. Data were analyzed from April to November 2023.Oral pitavastatin calcium, 4 mg per day.Coronary CTA and inflammatory biomarkers at baseline and 24 months. The primary outcomes were change in noncalcified coronary plaque volume and progression of noncalcified plaque.Of 804 enrolled persons, 774 had at least 1 evaluable CTA. Plaque changes were assessed in 611 who completed both CT scans. Of 611 analyzed participants, 513 (84.0%) were male, the mean (SD) age was 51 (6) years, and the median (IQR) 10-year CVD risk was 4.5% (2.6-7.0). A total of 302 were included in the pitavastatin arm and 309 in the placebo arm. The mean noncalcified plaque volume decreased with pitavastatin compared with placebo (mean [SD] change, −1.7 [25.2] mm3 vs 2.6 [27.1] mm3; baseline adjusted difference, −4.3 mm3; 95% CI, −8.6 to −0.1; P = .04; 7% [95% CI, 1-12] greater reduction relative to placebo). A larger effect size was seen among the subgroup with plaque at baseline (−8.8 mm3 [95% CI, −17.9 to 0.4]). Progression of noncalcified plaque was 33% less likely with pitavastatin compared with placebo (relative risk, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.52-0.88; P = .003). Compared with placebo, the mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased with pitavastatin (mean change: pitavastatin, −28.5 mg/dL; 95% CI, −31.9 to −25.1; placebo, −0.8; 95% CI, −3.8 to 2.2). The pitavastatin arm had a reduction in both oxidized low-density lipoprotein (−29% [95% CI, −32 to −26] vs −13% [95% CI, −17 to −9]; P < .001) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (−7% [95% CI, −11 to −4] vs 14% [95% CI, 10-18]; P < .001) compared with placebo at 24 months.In PWH at low to moderate CVD risk, 24 months of pitavastatin reduced noncalcified plaque volume and progression as well as markers of lipid oxidation and arterial inflammation. These changes may contribute to the observed MACE reduction in REPRIEVE.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02344290 Y2 - 5/20/2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2023.5661 ER -