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Artificial Intelligence (AI)

A collection of articles and resources on clinical applications of large language models (LLMs) and other AI technologies.

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RESEARCH

Original Investigation

A Multimodal Video-Based AI Biomarker for Aortic Stenosis Development and Progression

Evangelos K. Oikonomou, MD, DPhil, Gregory Holste, BA et al.

Research Letter

Clinical Reasoning of a Generative AI Model Compared With Physicians

Stephanie Cabral, MD, Daniel Restrepo, MD et al.

Original Investigation

Oncologist Perspectives on the Ethical Implications of Using AI for Cancer Care

Andrew Hantel, MD, Thomas P. Walsh, MPH et al.

Original Investigation

Cardiovascular Significance and Genetics of Epicardial and Pericardial Adiposity

Joel T. Rämö, MD, PhD, Shinwan Kany, MD, MSc et al.

Original Investigation

Deep Learning–Augmented ECG Screening and Genotype Prediction of Congenital Long QT Syndrome

River Jiang, MD, Christopher C. Cheung, MD, MPH et al.

Original Investigation

High-Throughput Precision Phenotyping of LV Hypertrophy With Cardiovascular Deep Learning

Grant Duffy, BS, Paul P. Cheng, MD, PhD et al.

SPECIAL COMMUNICATIONS AND REVIEW

Viewpoint

AI Hallucination

Christine J. Colasacco, BS, Hayley L. Born, MD

Viewpoint

Patient Safety and Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Care

Raj M. Ratwani, PhD, David W. Bates, MD et al.

Review

Academic Surgery in the Era of Large Language Models

Timothy A. Rengers, BS, Cornelius A. Thiels, DO, MBA et al.

Special Communication

Need for AI Vigilance to Safeguard Health Care

Bradley D. Menz, BPharm(Hons), Natansh D. Modi, BPharm(Hons) et al.

Review

Deep Learning for Cardiovascular Imaging

Ramsey M. Wehbe, MD, MSAI, Aggelos K. Katsaggelos, PhD et al.

Special Communication

Artificial Intelligence in Breast Cancer Screening

Kunal C. Potnis, BS, Joseph S. Ross, MD, MHS et al.

OPINION

Viewpoint

Harnessing Artificial Intelligence to Address Oral Health Disparities

Hawazin W. Elani, BDS, PhD, William V. Giannobile, DDS, DMSc

Viewpoint

How Youth Are Interacting With Chatbots

Nicholas Pratt, MD, RN, Ricky Madhavan, MD et al.

Invited Commentary

Artificial Intelligence for Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening

Gil Binenbaum, MD, MSCE

Editorial

Transforming Otoscopy Using Artificial Intelligence

Hojjat Salmasian, MD, MPH, PhD, Lisa Biggs, MD

Viewpoint

Managerial and Organizational Challenges in the Age of AI

Nick Obradovich, PhD, Tim Johnson, PhD et al.

Viewpoint

An Overarching Framework for the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Pediatrics

Bryan A. Sisk, MD, MSCI, Alison L. Antes, PhD et al.

NEWS

Medical News & Perspectives

How AI Might Improve Cardiac Imaging

Samantha Anderer, Yulin Hswen, ScD, MPH

Medical News & Perspectives

New Vaccines and More Highlights From IDWeek 2023

Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ

Medical News in Brief

WHO: What Regulators Should Consider for AI in Health Care

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Medical News & Perspectives

Can AI Solve Clinician Burnout?

Yulin Hswen, ScD, MPH, Rebecca Voelker, MSJ

News From the Food and Drug Administration

FDA Approves Artificial Intelligence Device for Guiding Regional Anesthesia

Howard D. Larkin

Health Agencies Update

New NIH Program for Artificial Intelligence in Research

Melissa Suran, PhD, MSJ

SPECIALTY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
Cardiology
A Multimodal Video-Based AI Biomarker for Aortic Stenosis Development and Progression JAMA Cardiology |
Effectiveness of an AI–Enabled Intervention for Detecting Clinical Deterioration JAMA Internal Medicine |
JAMA Cardiology —The Year in Review, 2023 JAMA Cardiology |
2023 Year in Review and What’s Ahead at JAMA JAMA |
How AI Might Improve Cardiac Imaging JAMA |
Digital Health for Hypertension Management in Populations With Health Disparities ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
Impact of AI in the Diagnosis of Hospitalized Patients JAMA |
Health Disinformation—Gaining Strength, Becoming Infinite JAMA Internal Medicine |
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SPECIALTY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
Dermatology
Quest for a More Accurate Diagnosis of Cellulitis JAMA Dermatology |
JAMA Dermatology —The Year in Review, 2023 JAMA Dermatology |
Consent and Identifiability for Patient Images in Research, Education, and AI JAMA Dermatology |
Advances Needed for Diabetic Foot Infections, Experts Say JAMA |
Health Economic Consequences Associated With COVID-19–Related Delay in Melanoma Diagnosis in Europe ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
Federated Learning for Decentralized Artificial Intelligence in Melanoma Diagnostics JAMA Dermatology |
The Promise and Drawbacks of Federated Learning for Dermatology AI JAMA Dermatology |
Perspectives and Strategies to Minimize Harm From Melanoma Diagnosis JAMA Dermatology |
Generation of a Melanoma and Nevus Data Set From Clinical Photographs on the Internet JAMA Dermatology |
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SPECIALTY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
Cardiology
Dermatology
A Multimodal Video-Based AI Biomarker for Aortic Stenosis Development and Progression JAMA Cardiology |
Quest for a More Accurate Diagnosis of Cellulitis JAMA Dermatology |
Effectiveness of an AI–Enabled Intervention for Detecting Clinical Deterioration JAMA Internal Medicine |
JAMA Dermatology —The Year in Review, 2023 JAMA Dermatology |
JAMA Cardiology —The Year in Review, 2023 JAMA Cardiology |
Consent and Identifiability for Patient Images in Research, Education, and AI JAMA Dermatology |
How AI Might Improve Cardiac Imaging JAMA |
Advances Needed for Diabetic Foot Infections, Experts Say JAMA |
Digital Health for Hypertension Management in Populations With Health Disparities ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
Federated Learning for Decentralized Artificial Intelligence in Melanoma Diagnostics JAMA Dermatology |
Impact of AI in the Diagnosis of Hospitalized Patients JAMA |
The Promise and Drawbacks of Federated Learning for Dermatology AI JAMA Dermatology |
Perspectives and Strategies to Minimize Harm From Melanoma Diagnosis JAMA Dermatology |
Health Disinformation—Gaining Strength, Becoming Infinite JAMA Internal Medicine |
Generation of a Melanoma and Nevus Data Set From Clinical Photographs on the Internet JAMA Dermatology |
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Neurology
AI Hallucination JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
I Read Health Information Online—Can I Trust It? JAMA Internal Medicine |
Large Language Model Performance on Practice Epilepsy Board Examinations ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Neurology |
How AI Is Helping to Restore Speech In Aphasia JAMA |
ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open —The Year in Review, 2023 ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
Neurological Illness and National Security JAMA |
2023 Year in Review and What’s Ahead at JAMA JAMA |
Advances Needed for Diabetic Foot Infections, Experts Say JAMA |
Spinal Muscular Atrophy Hypotonia Detection Using Artificial Intelligence JAMA Pediatrics |
AI-Based Brain Aging Patterns in Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals JAMA Psychiatry |
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Oncology
Surgical Performance of Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy and Patient Outcomes ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
Quality of Large Language Model Responses to Radiation Oncology Care Questions ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
Oncologist Perspectives on the Ethical Implications of Using AI for Cancer Care ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
Cancer Care in the Era of AI JAMA Oncology |
JAMA Oncology —The Year in Review, 2023 JAMA Oncology |
Decisional Conflict and Decision Regret in Head and Neck Oncology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
2023 Year in Review and What’s Ahead at JAMA JAMA |
Pathomics Signature for Prognosis and Chemotherapy Benefits in Stage III Colon Cancer JAMA Surgery |
Health Economic Consequences Associated With COVID-19–Related Delay in Melanoma Diagnosis in Europe ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
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Neurology
Oncology
AI Hallucination JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Surgical Performance of Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy and Patient Outcomes ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
I Read Health Information Online—Can I Trust It? JAMA Internal Medicine |
Quality of Large Language Model Responses to Radiation Oncology Care Questions ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
Large Language Model Performance on Practice Epilepsy Board Examinations ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Neurology |
Oncologist Perspectives on the Ethical Implications of Using AI for Cancer Care ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
How AI Is Helping to Restore Speech In Aphasia JAMA |
Cancer Care in the Era of AI JAMA Oncology |
Neurological Illness and National Security JAMA |
JAMA Oncology —The Year in Review, 2023 JAMA Oncology |
2023 Year in Review and What’s Ahead at JAMA JAMA |
Decisional Conflict and Decision Regret in Head and Neck Oncology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Advances Needed for Diabetic Foot Infections, Experts Say JAMA |
2023 Year in Review and What’s Ahead at JAMA JAMA |
Spinal Muscular Atrophy Hypotonia Detection Using Artificial Intelligence JAMA Pediatrics |
Pathomics Signature for Prognosis and Chemotherapy Benefits in Stage III Colon Cancer JAMA Surgery |
AI-Based Brain Aging Patterns in Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals JAMA Psychiatry |
Health Economic Consequences Associated With COVID-19–Related Delay in Melanoma Diagnosis in Europe ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
Expand
Ophthalmology
More Homework for Patients With Macular Degeneration? JAMA Ophthalmology |
JAMA Ophthalmology— The Year in Review, 2023 JAMA Ophthalmology |
Multinational External Validation of Autonomous Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening JAMA Ophthalmology |
Artificial Intelligence for Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening JAMA Ophthalmology |
Accuracy of an AI Chatbot’s Interpretation of Clinical Ophthalmic Images JAMA Ophthalmology |
Large Language Models and the Shoreline of Ophthalmology JAMA Ophthalmology |
Automated Machine Learning for Predicting DR Progression From Ultra-Widefield Retinal Images JAMA Ophthalmology |
Self-Supervised Learning for Improved OCT Detection of Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 JAMA Ophthalmology |
Automated Machine Learning for Diabetic Retinopathy Progression JAMA Ophthalmology |
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Otolaryngology
JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery—The Year in Review, 2023 JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Decisional Conflict and Decision Regret in Head and Neck Oncology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Transforming Otoscopy Using Artificial Intelligence JAMA Pediatrics |
Development and Validation of an Automated Classifier to Diagnose Acute Otitis Media JAMA Pediatrics |
Voice as an AI Biomarker of Health—Introducing Audiomics JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Antibiotic Prescribing Prior to Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Making Use of AI-Generated Synthetic Tympanic Membrane Images JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Wide-Field Optical Coherence Tomography to Evaluate Tissue in Oral Cavity and Oropharynx JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
A Deep Learning Approach to Predict Conductive Hearing Loss in Patients With Otitis Media With Effusion JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
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Ophthalmology
Otolaryngology
More Homework for Patients With Macular Degeneration? JAMA Ophthalmology |
JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery—The Year in Review, 2023 JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
JAMA Ophthalmology— The Year in Review, 2023 JAMA Ophthalmology |
Decisional Conflict and Decision Regret in Head and Neck Oncology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Multinational External Validation of Autonomous Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening JAMA Ophthalmology |
Transforming Otoscopy Using Artificial Intelligence JAMA Pediatrics |
Artificial Intelligence for Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening JAMA Ophthalmology |
Development and Validation of an Automated Classifier to Diagnose Acute Otitis Media JAMA Pediatrics |
Accuracy of an AI Chatbot’s Interpretation of Clinical Ophthalmic Images JAMA Ophthalmology |
Voice as an AI Biomarker of Health—Introducing Audiomics JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Large Language Models and the Shoreline of Ophthalmology JAMA Ophthalmology |
Antibiotic Prescribing Prior to Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Automated Machine Learning for Predicting DR Progression From Ultra-Widefield Retinal Images JAMA Ophthalmology |
Making Use of AI-Generated Synthetic Tympanic Membrane Images JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Self-Supervised Learning for Improved OCT Detection of Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 JAMA Ophthalmology |
Wide-Field Optical Coherence Tomography to Evaluate Tissue in Oral Cavity and Oropharynx JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Automated Machine Learning for Diabetic Retinopathy Progression JAMA Ophthalmology |
A Deep Learning Approach to Predict Conductive Hearing Loss in Patients With Otitis Media With Effusion JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |
Expand
Pediatrics
Neonatal Phototherapy—The Need to Measure and Document JAMA Pediatrics |
Narrative Play—Promoting Adolescent Health With Interactive Games JAMA |
I Read Health Information Online—Can I Trust It? JAMA Internal Medicine |
AI Simulation of Adolescents’ Responses to Vaping-Prevention Messages JAMA Pediatrics |
ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open —The Year in Review, 2023 ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
How Youth Are Interacting With Chatbots JAMA Pediatrics |
Estimated Childhood Lead Exposure From Drinking Water in Chicago JAMA Pediatrics |
JAMA Pediatrics —The Year in Review, 2023 JAMA Pediatrics |
Recognition of Genetic Conditions After Learning With Generative AI Images ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
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Psychiatry
Digital Mental Health’s Unstable Dichotomy JAMA Psychiatry |
Age—Not Just a Number in Youth Mental Health JAMA Psychiatry |
Managerial and Organizational Challenges in the Age of AI JAMA Psychiatry |
Development of Deep Ensembles to Screen for Autism and Symptom Severity ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
AI as a Mental Health Therapist for Adolescents JAMA Pediatrics |
Deep Learning Model for Retinal Hemorrhage Detection in Young Children ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
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Pediatrics
Psychiatry
Neonatal Phototherapy—The Need to Measure and Document JAMA Pediatrics |
Digital Mental Health’s Unstable Dichotomy JAMA Psychiatry |
I Read Health Information Online—Can I Trust It? JAMA Internal Medicine |
Age—Not Just a Number in Youth Mental Health JAMA Psychiatry |
AI Simulation of Adolescents’ Responses to Vaping-Prevention Messages JAMA Pediatrics |
Managerial and Organizational Challenges in the Age of AI JAMA Psychiatry |
ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open —The Year in Review, 2023 ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
Development of Deep Ensembles to Screen for Autism and Symptom Severity ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
How Youth Are Interacting With Chatbots JAMA Pediatrics |
AI as a Mental Health Therapist for Adolescents JAMA Pediatrics |
Estimated Childhood Lead Exposure From Drinking Water in Chicago JAMA Pediatrics |
Recognition of Genetic Conditions After Learning With Generative AI Images ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
Deep Learning Model for Retinal Hemorrhage Detection in Young Children ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
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Surgery
Surgical Performance of Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy and Patient Outcomes ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
AI Imaging Analysis Needs Evaluation Before Implementation JAMA Surgery |
Automated CT Analysis of Body Composition as a Frailty Biomarker in Abdominal Surgery JAMA Surgery |
How AI Is Helping to Restore Speech In Aphasia JAMA |
Modifier 22—Is It All Just a Catch-22? JAMA Surgery |
Predictive Tool Use and Willingness for Surgery in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
Advances Needed for Diabetic Foot Infections, Experts Say JAMA |
Academic Surgery in the Era of Large Language Models JAMA Surgery |
Practical Guide to Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Surgical Education Research JAMA Surgery |
Improving the Integrity of Surgical Education Scholarship JAMA Surgery |
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Radiology
How AI Might Improve Cardiac Imaging JAMA |
Accuracy of an AI Chatbot’s Interpretation of Clinical Ophthalmic Images JAMA Ophthalmology |
AI Assistive Software Tool for Automated Detection and Quantification of Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
Self-Supervised Learning for Improved OCT Detection of Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 JAMA Ophthalmology |
Impact of AI in the Diagnosis of Hospitalized Patients JAMA |
Radiologic Identification of Pathologic Tumor Invasion ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
Preoperative Radiological Identification of Lung Tumor Invasiveness ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
Radiology’s AI Adoption Dilemma JAMA |
Generative AI for Chest Radiograph Interpretation in the Emergency Department ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
Deep Learning for Cardiovascular Imaging JAMA Cardiology |
Expand
Surgery
Radiology
Surgical Performance of Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy and Patient Outcomes ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
How AI Might Improve Cardiac Imaging JAMA |
AI Imaging Analysis Needs Evaluation Before Implementation JAMA Surgery |
Accuracy of an AI Chatbot’s Interpretation of Clinical Ophthalmic Images JAMA Ophthalmology |
Automated CT Analysis of Body Composition as a Frailty Biomarker in Abdominal Surgery JAMA Surgery |
AI Assistive Software Tool for Automated Detection and Quantification of Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
How AI Is Helping to Restore Speech In Aphasia JAMA |
Self-Supervised Learning for Improved OCT Detection of Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 JAMA Ophthalmology |
Modifier 22—Is It All Just a Catch-22? JAMA Surgery |
Impact of AI in the Diagnosis of Hospitalized Patients JAMA |
Predictive Tool Use and Willingness for Surgery in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
Radiologic Identification of Pathologic Tumor Invasion ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
Advances Needed for Diabetic Foot Infections, Experts Say JAMA |
Preoperative Radiological Identification of Lung Tumor Invasiveness ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
Academic Surgery in the Era of Large Language Models JAMA Surgery |
Radiology’s AI Adoption Dilemma JAMA |
Practical Guide to Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Surgical Education Research JAMA Surgery |
Generative AI for Chest Radiograph Interpretation in the Emergency Department ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ Network Open |
Improving the Integrity of Surgical Education Scholarship JAMA Surgery |
Deep Learning for Cardiovascular Imaging JAMA Cardiology |
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Harnessing Artificial Intelligence to Address Oral Health Disparities

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The Role for Policy in AI-Assisted Medical Diagnosis

David E. Newman-Toker, MD, PhD, Joshua M. Sharfstein, MD

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Original Investigation

AI-Generated Draft Replies Integrated Into Health Records and Physicians’ Electronic Communication

Ming Tai-Seale, PhD, MPH, Sally L. Baxter, MD, MSc et al.

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Comment & Response

Artificial Intelligence and Ethical Frameworks in Pediatrics

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Concerns Over Prediction of Kidney Discard and Nonrecovery

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JAMA Health Forum —The Year in Review, 2023

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Original Investigation

Generative AI for Patient-Friendly Language in Discharge Summaries

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Enhancing Health Care Communication With Large Language Models

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Patient Safety and Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Care

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